Details About Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge

The present day Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, incorporating the previously established Clarence Rhode, Nunivak and Hazen Bay Refuges, was consolidated in 1980 under the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. Here, the waters of the Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers flow through a vast "treeless plain," or tundra. Almost 70% of the refuge is below 100 feet in elevation, and consists of a broad, flat delta stitched through with rivers and streams and dotted with countless lakes, sloughs and ponds. Bordering the expanse of tundra and wetlands are 2.5 million acres of forest and shrub habitat, and uplands sporting mountains more than 4000 feet high. The refuge also includes two large islands - Nelson and Nunivak. In terms of both density and species diversity, the Yukon Delta is the most important shorebird nesting area in the United States. Birds from six major flyways, from the Atlantic Ocean to the east coast of Asia, nest on the refuge or stop to rest and feed on their way to more distant nesting grounds. The Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers, and their many tributaries that weave their way through the refuge, provide hundreds of miles of spawning and rearing habitat for fish. A total of 44 species use the refuge's fresh and marine waters; including all five North American Pacific salmon, Dolly Varden char, northern pike, sheefish, arctic grayling, several species of whitefish, burbot and rainbow trout. The drier upland habitats boast populations of both brown and black bears, caribou, moose and wolves. Offshore, Nunivak Island supports a herd of muskoxen introduced in 1935 to successfully re-establish the species in Alaska. Muskox can also be found on Nelson Island and occasionally on other parts of the refuge. Along the coast of the refuge, the waters of the Bering Sea host a variety of marine mammals, including harbor, ribbon and bearded seals and walrus. Several species of whales pass along the refuge's coast during migration